Those are the offspring of a vine borer beetle, which cut a slit and lay their eggs in the stem of the plant early on...about the time you plant it if you are planting started vines or about the time it gets true leaves if you are planting by seed.
You can place wood ashes in the hole and around the stem/stalk.
You can cut a straw and place it down into the soil and around your stem to protect the stalk.
Same with aluminum foil.
Just leave them in place until the plant outgrows them and the stalk becomes too tough to slit open and lay eggs.
When you get new squash plants, just protect that stalk when you replant and you should do fine. You might also want to plant nasturtiums around your squash plants as the squash bugs are attracted to the nasturtiums and will leave your squash alone.