The main difference between hatching button quail vs. coturnix is humidity. Coturnix quail do best at around 30% humidity during incubation, then up to around 60% at lockdown while buttons prefer around 50% humidity during incubation and up to around 70% at lockdown...
2 years old is getting old for a quail. Yours is almost 4 which is getting very old for a quail. I think the longest I've personally seen is 5, though I have heard of one that lived to 7, but I'm not 100% sure of the accuracy on that one.
I haven't studied the colour genetics much. The colour names have changed a lot even in just the last six years, and I haven't kept up. I would still call them by the names that I've used.
Ah, yes. My bad. They both appear to be pharaoh hens. The spiny feathers are just rough feathers that will smooth out with grooming, or if they're damaged, with her next molt.
:welcome
It sounds like you've done a very good examination to eliminate the standard issues and start her care.
If your birds were panicking last night, it may be possible that she flushed and hit her head. The facts that she's eating, drinking, and pooping are all good signs, which make me...
1 & 5 in your most recent pics look like females. Both pharaohs. Sometime light in a picture can can wash the brown out and make a pharaoh look like falb fee.
1 - Falb fee, but need a better picture of the chest for gender. I think female, but straight on pic of the chest will confirm.
2 - Falb fee male
3 - grau fee? sparkly? Not feather sexable, so you'll need to vent sex or wait until it crows or lays
4 - German pastel, probably female.
5 - Not...
No. Pansy refers to the patterns on the feathers. You can have pansy in different colours, including black and white (such as pansy fee). Scarlet means that the feathers are a shade of red in colour, and can come in different feather patterns, including pansy.
I'm not a vet and I can't physically examine her, but based on what looks like a very swollen abdomen and based on your description of it being hard, I'm guessing (and I could very well be wrong) a tumor of some sort.
She is 2.5 years old, which is old, but not ancient for a coturnix quail, so...
Her abdomen looks quite swollen. Has it gotten worse in the last 3 weeks? Looking at this, I would take one of the following choices:
1 - take her to an avian vet
2 - make her as comfortable as you can for the rest of her life or until she's obviously suffering
3 - cull, especially if she is...