"Light plays a crucial role in vision and the release of various hormones; it also increases the efficacy of important factors related to the reproduction and behavior of poultry [5]. Moreover, light activates the development of reactive substances in embryos, such as vitamins and enzymes [6]...
The answer to that would be the same as what triggers us to ovulate: the release of estrogen. So I think the better question is how estrogen release is affected by outside sources. Vitamin D and B12 can greatly affect estrogen release which would explain why light might effect it
Not a scientist here but my understanding is that a hen ovulates within 2 hours after an egg is laid. After the ovum is released into the oviduct there is a 3 minute window for fertilization. After which the ovum passes furthur down the system where the abulum (sp?) is developed around it...