anyone know if it's the hens dna or roos that determines sex or if it's more like gators whos hatchlings genders are affected by temperature?
In chickens, males have sex chromosomes ZZ. Females have sex chromosomes ZW. That means the hen determines the sex of the chick by whether she gives a Z or a W chromosome. The rooster gives a Z to all of them.
That is useful if you want to breed sexlink chicks:
You use a rooster with a recessive trait on the Z chromsome. Because it's recessive, he only shows the trait if he has it on both Z chromsomes, so you can tell he has the right genes just by looking at him. And you use a hen with the dominant trait on her Z chromosome (but nothing on her W chromsome.) Because she's got just one Z chromosome, you know she cannot be carrying a recessive trait, so just like the rooster, you can tell by looking that the hen has the right genes.
When you cross such a rooster and hen, the rooster gives a Z chromsome with the recessive trait to all his chicks. The hen gives the dominant trait to her sons, which they show because it is dominant. The hen gives a W chromsome to her daughters, so they show the recessive trait they inherited from their father. This means the male chicks and female chicks can be sorted by sex, just by sorting the different colors.
Common sex-linked traits include:
gold (recessive) and silver (dominant)
chocolate (recessive) and not-chocolate (dominant)
not-barred (recessive) and barred (dominant)
The barring gene can also be used to make auto-sexing chicken breeds, because it shows a dose effect. A hen with just one Z chromosome will have just one barring gene. That makes white bars on her feathers. A rooster with two Z chromosomes can have two barring genes. That makes more white in the barring of his feathers, and makes the chick down a lighter color as well. Cream Legbars and Bielefelders are known for being sexable this way, and it also works on Barred Rocks, Cuckoo Marans, and some other breeds. Sometimes there are confusing chicks (female a bit lighter than normal? male a bit darker than normal?), but breeding from just the most obvious chicks will generally cause future generations to be easier to sex.
I find it interesting that one of the Greek philosophers (I think Aristotle but I'm not sure) thought that males came from round eggs and girls from the pointy ones. Opposite to what some believe today.
I dont know if Aristotle said it too, but Pliny the Elder definitely did in the first century.
The work is Natural History, Volume 2, Book 10, Chapter 74 "The various kinds of eggs, and their nature." You can find an English translation here on Project Gutenberg:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60230
I considered testing that one time. After sorting my eggs about 1/4 were pointy, 1/4 were round, and the other half were inconclusive. The way I'd have tested it would have been to only hatch the pointed ones (I wanted males to butcher) so there was no confusion in which ones were which eggs, but I wanted more chicks than I had pointy eggs so I didn't test it. I did not expect that many to be inconclusive.
Mesh bags or baskets, plus legbands or food coloring, works.
Or using several incubators and several brooders.