As someone who has, and who has kept a written record of the 'who what where' variety with the flock since the start, I guess I should chip in here.How top hens establish themselves in a starting group I don't know having never seen it, or read much reliable about it.
I brought Maria here 20 April 2018 with her sister as Araucana POL, to join a lone young RIR acquired a month before as POL and whose sibling had collapsed and died within a month of arriving 10 March. It was apparent within another month that the RIR, though bigger than them and here before them, was below Maria and her sister in the pecking order. Maria bossed the RIR and let her sister be, and retained top hen position thereafter, despite being smaller than any other hen in the flock.
Then this is my record for 9 November 22:
Paprika fought back when Maria went for her around tea time, and chased Maria across the lawn! Never seen anyone stand up to Maria before. Whole flock watched with great interest. Later the two of them just passed by one another as if nothing happened.
This is the same Paprika that was raised by Maria in 21, was the young broody who raised Venka's clutch so successfully from July 22, and had left them to their own devices late August-early September. At the time of this challenge, she was fully reintegrated back into the flock and Maria was in the process of separating from her August chicks and starting to reassert her place in the flock.
Since then, Maria's behaviour has changed and I would no longer describe her as top hen, but then I'm not sure I would describe any of them as such. I think we are in a state of flux. As a single flock with multiple males, my flock is not typical of BYC flocks, but it is more natural than most since I interfere very little with them.
I am now wondering if the lack of an obvious top hen is why they are staying closer together than usual when they move from one area of the garden to another.