Red Mangrove
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See-https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/animals/dairy/Whats_in_Grass_Todays_Farm_May2014.pdf
edited to add, for those who don't do pdfs, the nonsense is revealed by the bit that says "The energy demands of the dairy cow can be met by a grass only diet throughout the main grazing season, with some supplementation needed at the shoulders of the year when grass supply is limiting. Likewise the energy demands of the suckler cow, calves, yearlings and finishing steers & heifers can be met by a grass only diet", written in a farming publication, for farmers, by the Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, in Ireland. The facts and figures for grass nutrition are given in the pdf.
https://baos.pub/cows-are-not-really-herbivores-dbf61790ace2
Cows do eat grass, but they can’t digest it. 90% of grass composition is made of cellulose and lignin, which can’t be absorbed by the ruminant. If you observe the composition of cow dung, you will notice intact little straws. These, under the microscope, reveal to be cellulose and lignin, that went all the way through the digestive process without being absorbed. So what do cows feed on?
The cow’s rumen represents up to 15% of the weight of the animal, which is a volume 100 to 250 L. This pouch receives the grazed grass and hosts a multitude of microbes — 50% of the rumen dry mass. The rumen contains 100 billion bacteria per mL and 100 thousand fungi per mL, which are able to digest plant residues. There are also 10 million ciliates in there, feeding on the bacteria and fungal spores.
These short chain fatty acids produced by the cow’s microbiota are typical of the smell of fresh milk, and crucially, represent 80% of the animal’s energetic resources.
In other words, symbiotic bacteria that live in the cows massive and complicated stomach are the ones that actually eat and digest the grassThus, beneath their herbivore look, cows actually digest… microbial output and microbes themselves! Cows are microphage and use grass to breed microbes — internally
Symbiotic bacteria also produce vitamins for the cow that are absent in the grass itself. They also remove a poisonous chemical from the grass called oxalate that would otherwise kill the cowThanks to such optimizations, microbes in the rumen convert every day grass and urea into 1 to 3 kg of protein, used as a food source by the cow. The microbes also supplement their host with vitamins K and B — you know, the vitamins we humans can’t do without if we go vegan.
Certain microbes in the cow’s rumen are also able to detoxify food sources for their host — as is the case of Synergistes jonesii which detoxifies mimosina, or Oxalobacter formigenes consuming oxalate. But this is another story.
Chickens are not cows. Cows need a massive amount of symbiotic organisms in their bodies in order to digest grass and they devote 20 hours a day to this arduous process